本文目录
急求一名胜古迹的中英文对照简介
【Spain Bilbao Guggenheim Museum】
【About】
Spain Bilbao Guggenheim Museum (the Bilbao Guggenheim Museum)
By the California architect Frank Gehry (FFrank O. Gehry) design, in 1997, opening it to the Chi Mei modeling, and the specific structure of the new material immediately won worldwide attention. In the 1990s, the construction of human creative Canruo Xing, Bilbao Guggenheim Museum is undoubtedly the greatest belong to the list, with the Sydney Opera House, they are the future of the world comes in advance of construction, which is not a matter of where Inter-language poem written on the city.
The total area of the museum covers an area of 24,000 square meters, the exhibition space of 11,000 square meters, there are divided into the Exhibition Hall, 19, an art gallery or one of the world’s largest, with an area of 130 meters multiplied by 30 meters square. Museum of the whole structure of the body by using a set of architects for the aerodynamics of the use of computer software designed step by step. Museum of building materials in the use of glass, steel and limestone, is also part of the surface coating of titanium metal, and the city’s long-standing tradition of shipbuilding echoed.
【Hall reason】
Bilbao, Spain (Bilbao), founded in 1300, as a result of excellent port and gradually flourished, rule the roost in Spain during the sea as a major port city, Rijianshuaila the beginning of the 17th century. The 19th century, producing iron ore and revitalized, but after the mid-20th century, the decline again, a flood in 1983 to more serious destruction of the old city, the city even worse, the trend difficult to draft, although every effort has had no effective solution. In the early 1990s, Bilbao has become Europe’s de facto Jiejie tiny town, were it not for the city team in the Primera Liga is still in place, the vast majority of human life may be heard out in the name of the city.
For urban revitalization plan, the city government to complete the development of tourism resolution, but not a long history of the city, were not the first ring, not odd customs, scenery poor, and poor old famous track, a variety of tourism resources may be available on January 1, How to attract outside tourists who come to be the number one problem. Q multi-dollars, has finally decided to build a museum of modern art, many art lovers hope Europe’s “cultural journey.“ The New York Guggenheim Museum of modern art to the collection for the city, the Foundation had to expand Europe’s Zhang Yi, the two hit it off, to create a new museum of contemporary art into a miracle. As a result, the museum has become the industrial city of Bilbao as a whole urban renewal plan for a ring, and million dollar construction cost.
About】 【Architects
Los Angeles architect Frank Gehry’s avant-garde architecture has a proven track record, with bold, said the rebels of the design not only to subvert almost all of the classic architectural aesthetic principles, but also swept through the modern architecture, especially the “international style“ building with the taboos of platitudes.
By Los Angeles city and the local cultural characteristics of the radical artist, Gary is determined to explore the early construction of barbed wire, wave plates, processing the crude metal plates, and other low-cost building materials in the use of collage and take, mixed and home, dislocation , The fuzzy boundary to center, non-hierarchical, non-sexual orientation and other means to challenge the established people’s values and construction have been tied to their imagination. His work in the construction sector has been caused uproar, the love of those who praise for the genius of those who hate to destroy the waste, then, as always, Gary, creativity surging, irresistible. In the end, more and more people to build a tolerant, understanding the cover, and growing awareness of Gehry’s creation of value for the world.
In 1989, a full 60-year-old Frank Gehry has been awarded the construction of the international community’s top award - Pritzker Architecture Prize, this time, he has a rebellious youth into a gray elderly, have been accomplished despite the reputation Qinggai time, but he never stopped to the possibility of building a new question, never ceased to free arrival into the depths of the pace. As a result the beginning of 1991, designed the Guggenheim Museum Bilbao, Gehry has become “old age of 1898“, jumped to a higher realm of creating an important opportunity.
【Architectural design】
The museum site in the city’s gateway - the edge of the old city, within Villon south bank of the regional art, a complete access to the city’s main channel through an elevated base of the iceberg, from the northern route into the city.
Villon from the inside view to the north bank of the city, the museum is the most eye-catching in the first layer of the waterfront landscape. In the face of such an important and challenging of the lot, Gary gives a construction date in the history of the boldest answer: the entire building by a group of outside review of the titanium plate irregular surface-double combination of the amount in the form and Human building’s past practice has nothing to do all involved, from the ultra-accustomed to any construction experience. Gary in the magic of command, construction, the chapter has been solidified by several thousand mobile music once again, play sound shocking.
In the territorial waters of the north side, in order to cover a longer horizontal movements of the three exhibition halls echoed to the level of the river flow and a sense of the larger-scale relations. To the North because the reasons for backlighting, the main facade of the building all day long in the shadows, Gehry building would be smart to deal with skin in all directions into a double-curved surface, such as the angle of sunlight changes in the construction of all surface will have Changing effects of light and shade, to avoid a large-scale construction in the north to the sense of boring.
On the south side of the main entrance, and as a result of the 19th century in the old areas of the building is only one street, the break to take the volume of construction-scale transition to coordinate with the method. Even better is that Gehry to address the viaduct and its museums under construction conflict will be building an elevated road across the bottom and on the other side of the bridge in the design of a high tower, so that the construction of the viaduct have taken form, Han satisfied trend, And then into the city. As a link to an elevated road, will cover building Peiran Mo Royal exuberant vitality of radiation into the depths of the city.
Museum of interior design is extremely exciting, especially at the entrance to the courtyard design, Gehry has been called the “threw the hat in the air out of joy“, it created a high-ever direct do not have the space to break the simple geometric order of Powerful impact, Cascading surface ups and downs, rushing up, light pouring down, people’s well being, is another feast for the eyes, can not refer to one hundred. There is in the court, people have been mobilized to participate in all the arts carnival prepared on the experience of Yongchang and bid farewell to the ferry. In view of Wright in New York Guggenheim Museum of Art exhibits the design of a lack of respect the lessons of Gehry’s design exhibition hall of static-simple, easy to create a work of art for the Habitat.
【The construction of praise and controversy】
In 1996 the Pritzker Architecture Prize Laureate, Professor at Harvard University, the famous Spanish architect Rafael Moni Ou its heartfelt admiration: “There is no human construction of the building as a masterpiece to the general as the flame burning.“
This works in surplus over the kind of coincide in the culture of Spain, both also arouse the quiet poetry of not only the dumping of thousands of people around the world, has impressed many with Gehry on the bias architect. Of course, should be the happiest people in the city of Bilbao, the cool breeze from that day, flew Riying, the entire museum as a result of the flow of time, turned into a strange and camouflage, Lin Bo mighty river, lighting up and down one by one with the whole Yi Yi cities with a flicker of building up and dance, they have forgotten the suffering of the city’s past, I do not know what Jin Xi Xi?
【西班牙毕尔巴鄂古根海姆博物馆】
【简介】
西班牙毕尔巴鄂古根海姆博物馆（the Bilbao Guggenheim Museum）
由美国加州建筑师弗兰克?盖里（FFrank O.Gehry）设计，在1997年正式落成启用，它以奇美的造型、特异的结构和崭新的材料立刻博得举世瞩目。在20世纪90年代人类建筑灿若星河的创造中，毕尔巴鄂古根海姆博物馆无疑属于最伟大之列，与悉尼歌剧院一样，它们都属于未来的建筑提前降临人世，属于不是用凡间语言写就的城市诗篇。
该博物馆全部面积占地24000平方米，陈列的空间则有11000平方米，分成十九个展示厅，其中一间还是全世界最大的艺廊之一，面积为130米乘以30米见方。整个博物馆结构体是由建筑师藉助一套为空气动力学使用的电脑软件逐步设计而成。博物馆在建材方面使用玻璃、钢和石灰岩，部分表面还包覆钛金属，与该市长久以来的造船业传统遥相呼应。
【建馆缘由】
西班牙毕尔巴鄂市（Bilbao）始建于1300年，因优良的港口而逐渐兴盛，在西班牙称雄海上的年代成为重要的海港城市，17世纪开始日渐衰落。19世纪时，因出产铁矿而重新振兴，但20世纪中叶以后再次式微，1983年的一场洪水更将其旧城区严重摧毁，整个城市雪上加霜，颓势难挽，虽百般努力却苦无良策。九十年代初，毕尔巴鄂已沦为欧洲藉藉无名的蕞尔小城，若非该市球队在西甲联赛中尚占有一席之地，绝大部分人可能终身无缘闻该市之名。
为城市复兴大计，毕市政府决议发展旅游业，但该市历史不长、名头不响、风俗不奇、景色不佳，兼乏名人旧迹，各种可能的旅游资源一一欠奉，如何吸引外埠人士前来观光成为头号难题。多方问计之下，终于决定兴建一家现代艺术博物馆，寄希望于欧洲众多艺术爱好者的“文化苦旅”。而纽约古根海姆博物馆向为收藏现代艺术的重镇，其基金会早有向欧洲拓张之意，双方一拍即合，要将新的博物馆营造成当代的艺术奇迹。于是，博物馆成为工业城毕尔巴鄂整个都市更新计划中的一环，并斥资一亿美金动工兴建。
【建筑师简介】
洛杉矶建筑师弗兰克?盖里的建筑向来以前卫、大胆著称，其反叛性的设计风格不仅颠覆了几乎全部经典建筑美学原则，也横扫现代建筑，尤其是“国际式”建筑的清规戒律与陈词滥调。
深受洛杉矶城市文化特质及当地激进艺术家的影响，盖里早期的建筑锐意探讨铁丝网、波形板、加工粗糙的金属板等廉价材料在建筑上的运用，并采取拼贴、混杂、并置、错位、模糊边界、去中心化、非等级化、无向度性等各种手段，挑战人们既定的建筑价值观和被捆缚的想像力。其作品在建筑界不断引发轩然大波，爱之者誉之为天才，恨之者毁之为垃圾，盖里则一如既往，创造力汹涌澎湃，势不可挡。终于，越来越多的人容忍了盖里，理解了盖里，并日益认识到盖里的创作对于这个世界的价值。
1989年，整整60岁的弗兰克?盖里荣获了国际建筑界的顶级大奖——普利茨克建筑奖，这时，他已从一个叛逆的青年变成一位苍苍长者，尽管已功成名就，声誉倾盖一时，但他从来没有停止过向新的建筑可能性的追问，没有停止过向自由深处抵进的步伐。于是1991年开始设计的毕尔巴鄂古根海姆博物馆，成为盖里“晚年变法”，跃升到更高创作境界的重要契机。
【建筑设计】
该博物馆选址于城市门户之地——旧城区边缘、内维隆河南岸的艺术区域，一条进入毕市的主要高架通道穿越基地一角，是从北部进入城市的必经之路。
从内维隆河北岸眺望城市，该博物馆是最醒目的第一层滨水景观。面对如此重要而富于挑战性的地段，盖里给出了一个迄今为止建筑史上最大胆的解答：整个建筑由一群外覆钛合金板的不规则双曲面体量组合而成，其形式与人类建筑的既往实践均无关涉，超离任何习惯的建筑经验之外。在盖里魔术般的指挥下，建筑，这一章已凝固了数千年的音乐又重新流动起来，奏出令人瞠目结舌的声响。
在邻水的北侧，盖里以较长的横向波动的三层展厅来呼应河水的水平流动感及较大的尺度关系。因为北向逆光的原因，建筑的主立面终日将处于阴影中，盖里聪明地将建筑表皮处理成向各个方向弯曲的双曲面，这样，随着日光入射角的变化，建筑的各个表面都会产生不断变动的光影效果，避免了大尺度建筑在北向的沉闷感。
在南侧主入口处，由于与19世纪的旧区建筑只有一街之隔，故采取打碎建筑体量过渡尺度的方法与之协调。更妙的是，盖里为解决高架桥与其下的博物馆建筑冲突的问题，将建筑穿越高架路下部，并在桥的另一端设计了一座高塔，使建筑对高架桥形成抱揽、涵纳之势，进而与城市融为一体。以高架路为纽带，盖里将这栋建筑沛然莫御的旺盛生命活力辐射入城市的深处。
博物馆的室内设计极为精彩，尤其是入口处的中庭设计，被盖里称为“将帽子扔向空中的一声欢呼”，它创造出以往任何高直空间都不具备的、打破简单几何秩序性的强悍冲击力，曲面层叠起伏、奔涌向上，光影倾泻而下，直透人心，使人目不暇给，百不能指其一。在此中庭下，人们被调动起全部参与艺术狂欢的心理准备，踏上与庸常经验告别的渡口。有鉴于赖特在纽约古根海姆博物馆设计中对艺术展品不够尊重的教训，盖里的展厅设计简洁静素，为艺术品创造一个安逸的栖所。
【有关建筑的赞誉和争议】
1996年普利兹克建筑奖得主、哈佛大学教授、西班牙著名建筑师拉斐尔?莫尼欧对它由衷叹服道：“没有任何人类建筑的杰作能像这座建筑一般如同火焰在燃烧。”
这个作品中盈溢的那种暗合于西班牙文化的、既激扬又沉静的诗意，不仅倾倒了全世界的万千民众，也折服了无数对盖里满怀偏见的建筑师。当然，最幸福的应属毕尔巴鄂市的居民，当天起凉风，日影飞去，整个博物馆因光阴的流转而幻化出奇异的迷彩，河面粼波浩荡，光影上下相逐，整座城市随一栋熠熠闪烁的建筑舞蹈起来的时候，他们是否已淡忘了城市痛苦的过去，不知今夕何夕？
古根海姆博物馆在哪个国家
古根海姆博物馆总部在美国，位于纽约曼哈顿区第5街，陈列企业家S.R.古根海姆收藏的欧美现代艺术作品。古根海姆博物馆是所罗门·R·古根海姆基金会旗下所有博物馆的总称，分馆分布在纽约、威尼斯、西班牙毕尔包、拉斯威加斯、柏林这五个城市。
简介
古根海姆博物馆是所罗门·R·古根海姆(SolomonR.Guggenheim)基金会旗下所有博物馆的总称，它是世界上最著名的私人现代艺术博物馆之一，也是全球性的一家以连锁方式经营的艺术场馆。古根海姆基金会成立于1937年，是博物馆的后起之秀，古根海姆已是世界首屈一指的跨国文化投资集团。其中，最著名的古根海姆博物馆为美国纽约古根海姆博物馆和西班牙毕尔巴鄂古根海姆博物馆。
建筑特点
弗兰克·盖里1995年至1997年设计的西班牙毕尔巴鄂市古根海姆美术馆，建筑家利用电脑设计了这座造型复杂的建筑。建筑主要部分的体形弯曲多变，内部采用钢结构，外部则覆盖金属材料钛板。有的人认为博物馆的外形像“一艘怪船”，有的人认为像“一朵金属花”。
古根海姆艺术博物馆的设计者简介
富兰克·格雷在西班牙的毕尔巴鄂设计了古根海姆博物馆之后，他成了如此闪耀的一 个明星。新版的邦德电影赶热闹似的把西班牙毕尔巴鄂的古根海姆博物馆作为片头激烈枪战场面的背景，好像这个博物馆也已经成为像艾非尔铁塔那样的地方性图标。美国总统克林顿把“国家艺术奖”颁给了他，美国建筑师协会把1999年的金奖给了他。这个奖是建筑界专业的最高个人奖项，专门奖励向常规、向传统挑战的建筑师。这个奖的获得者通常是以其作品在建筑理论和实践上产生持续影响的人。像富兰克·赖特、佩里、科亨、贝聿铭，这些20世纪的建筑大师都是该奖项的得主。他们的名字都刻在美国建筑师协会总部大厅的花岗岩墙面上。
西班牙毕尔巴鄂古根海姆博物馆建筑风格有何惊艳之处是什么
西班牙毕尔巴鄂古根海姆博物馆惊艳之处：
西班牙毕尔巴鄂古根海姆博物馆中庭采用弧形体积和连接内部外部的大型玻璃幕墙，一个充满光线的宽敞的空间，覆盖着一个巨大的天窗。建筑的三个层次围绕中庭所建，通过弧形走道，玻璃电梯以及楼梯紧紧相连。
令人震撼的空间感，无论在馆里的哪个角落，拿起手机对焦就是一张不错的画作，看展的人竟也是展中的一部分。
毕尔巴鄂古根海姆博物馆于1997年向公众开放，立即被誉为20世纪杰作之一的解构主义风格的世界上最壮观的建筑之一。它被世界顶级的设计师们赞扬“时代伟大的建筑”，也因它的到来激发了全球其他类似设计的结构。
博物馆与城市环境无缝融合，在毕尔巴鄂古老的工业中心Nervion河沿岸，抢眼的钛金属外壳，曲线随性的线条倒映在河流中，是最令人印象深刻的。总面积2.4万平方米的毕尔巴鄂古根海姆，其中11,000平方米专门用于展览，比纽约和威尼斯的其他三个兄弟空间更大。
西班牙有什么好玩的地方哪些景点必去
提到西班牙，大家首先浮现在脑海中的应该就是斗牛了，可是大家知道吗，西班牙也是唐·吉诃德和梵高的故乡，在那里会参观到的特色城市有很多，甚至有一些城市也在世界文化遗产的目录上，一般去西班牙在7月以前进行参观就可以了。如果大家真的踏入了西班牙那片土地，梵高的故乡一定要去看一看，北部非常著名的毕尔巴鄂博物馆也是必经之地，最后巴塞罗那也是一个很值得去的景点哦。
虽然梵高和唐·吉诃德的故乡没有了非常著名的风车，但是大片的向日葵还是很令人向往，也明白了梵高的向日葵来源所在，在那里拍照的话，不用p就已经非常出圈。喜欢长途步行的朋友们可以去阿尔罕布拉拉处山区参观一下，在你那里可以感受到大自然的鬼斧神工，不仅身心能够得到放松，还有利于身体健康。毕尔巴鄂博物馆是世界上非常具有特色的建筑物之一，在那里可以看到古老工业城市的独特魅力，也是能够展现城市经济的一个典型建筑物。
著名建筑师安东尼·高迪的建筑作品就被展现在巴塞罗那里面，不仅能够欣赏到弗拉明戈舞蹈，还能够观赏足球和斗牛等竞技性运动，西班牙是一个以天主教为主的国家，所以在那里可以看到历史悠久的教堂，如果有机会去参观的话，还是能体验到不错的宗教文化的，但是一定要谨记当地的一些规矩，不要在教堂内部大声喧哗，这样是不礼貌的行为。在那些景点里还能够体验到当地极具特色的美食，特别是它帕不禁种类繁多，而且别有一番风味。
总的来说，如果有时间的话，多出去走一走还是十分惬意的，不仅能够体验到不同国家的风采，还能够有助于放松身心。在西班牙，哪怕在下午四五点钟也能够和朋友去到餐厅闲聊，饭后在当地的小巷里散散步，体会一下慵懒自在的生活。
